Euskadi ta askatasuna meaning

Abstract

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The Basque Country, a region of northern Spain home to a unique language and thousands of years of history, has been riddled with an independence movement since the turn of the 20th century. In 1959, ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, a phrase in the Basque language that stands for Basque Homeland and Freedom), a Basque terrorism organization, emerged. While exercising violent means in the fight for independence, they took the lives of more than 800 individuals, ranging from politicians to children. Since the 2011 cease-fire and the official disbandment of the organization in 2018, the Basque Community has been faced with the issue of how to recover from a state of internal conflict, working to create a historical narrative of what happened throughout the last six decades. In such a context, wherein Basques are fighting against Basques on the grounds of nationalism and independence, the term “victims” deserves an explanation. While the most visible victims of ETA are those that were assassinated or physically wounded, the Basque community as a whole has suffered the consequences of an active terrorism organization — from the families of those murdered to the families of terrorists that were incarcer

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History will judge ETA as a failed terrorist group, but there are lessons to be learned

The Basque separatist group ETA has formally announced it is disbanding, following a decades-long campaign that claimed the lives of over 800 people. George Kassimeris writes that ETA’s conception of the political environment was always one of resistance and violence. But while history will judge ETA as a failed terrorist group, the lesson for the rest of Europe is that neither absolutism nor denial are effective ways of solving complex issues of national security.

Pro-ETA mural, Credit: Daniel van der Ree (CC BY 3.0)

The reaction of Alfonso Alonso, the leader of Spain’s governing Popular Party in the Basque region, when asked to comment on ETA’s decision to dissolve itself, spoke volumes about the trauma and the poison the separatist group’s decades of violence has inflicted on Spanish society. “Neither ETA’s history nor its responsibility can be dissolved’, he said. ‘We will never forgive them.”

The bitterness is understandable. For Spain, and the Basque region, have been suffering at the hands of ETA one of the most lethal, protracted and intransigent campaigns of terrorism in modern Europe – 58 years, to be precise. In all this time, ETA militants assassinated Spanish politi