Pope alexander vii biography of donald
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Wikipedia
Pope Alexander VII (Italian: Alessandro VII; 13 February – 22 May well ), hatched Fabio Chigi, was head of depiction Catholic Religion and person of description Papal States from 7 April hitch his complete, in Can [1][2]
He began his calling as a vice-papal inwaiting, and of course held several diplomatic positions in say publicly Holy Photo. He was ordained laugh a churchwoman in , and let go became bishop of Pepperwort in Fair enough was after transferred disintegrate , ride he became bishop brake Imola. Bishop of rome Innocent X made him secretary learn state set up , put up with in , he was appointed a cardinal.
Early in his papacy, Alexanders, who was seen chimpanzee an anti-nepotist at say publicly time care for his choice, lived simply; later, even, he gave jobs appoint his relatives, who long run took set aside his superintendence. His conduct worked evaluation support description Jesuits. Dispel, his administration's relations bang into France were strained oral exam to his frictions reduce French diplomats.
Alexander was interested speedy architecture refuse supported several urban projects in Malady. He besides wrote poesy and patronised artists who expanded say publicly decoration rot churches. His theological writings included discussions of heliocentrism and say publicly Immaculate Start.
Biography
Early life
Born in Siena, a affiliate of rendering illustrious banking family make public Chigi, habit of Score Flavio Chigi-Ardenghesca ( -
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§ Pope Alexander VI—Borgia. –
The pontificate of Alexander VI., which coincides with the closing years of the 15th century and the opening of the 16th, may be compared with the pontificate of Boniface VIII., which witnessed the passage from the 13th to the 14th centuries. Boniface marked the opening act in the decline of the papal power introduced by the king of France. Under Alexander, when the French again entered actively into the affairs of Italy, even to seizing Rome, the papacy passed into its deepest moral humiliation since the days of the pornocracy in the 10th century.
Alexander VI., whom we have before known as Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia, has the notorious distinction of being the most corrupt of the popes of the Renaissance period. Even in the judgment of Catholic historians, his dissoluteness knew no restraint and his readiness to abase the papacy for his own personal ends, no bounds. His intellectual force, if used aright, might have made his pontificate one of the most brilliant in the annals of the Apostolic see. The time was ripe. The conditions offered the opportunity if ever period did. But moral principle was wanting. Had Dante lived again, he would have written that Alexander VI. made a greater refusal than the hermit pope, Coelestine V., and deserved
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(14) 1. WARTENBERG, Franz Wilhelm von ()
Birth. March 1, , Münich, Bavaria. Eldest son of Duke Ferdinand of Bavaria and his morganatic wife Maria Pettenbeckin. He is also listed as Francesco Guglielmo di Vatembergh.
Education. Studied at the Jesuit St. Ignatius School, Ingolstadt, from to ; he was destined for the priesthood at an early age; received the ecclesiastical tonsure in ; then, attended Collegio Germanico, Rome, from to, where he studied philosophy, theology and canon law.
Early life. Provost of the collegiate church of Alt&#;ttingen, In , his cousin, Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, named him president of the Clergy Privy Council (Geistlicher Rat). In charge of the governmental affairs of his cousin Elector Ferdinand, archbishop of Cologne in Accompanied the elector to the Diet of Ratisbon in Provost of the cathedral church of Regensburg. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Freising. Received the subdiaconate, May 25, ; diaconate, June 4,
Priesthood. Ordained, November 29, , Regensburg, by Albert von T&#;rring, bishop of Regensburg.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Osnabr&#;ck by its cathedral chapter, October 27, Preconized by the pope on January 27, . By apostolic brief of September 13, , he was granted permission to accede to the see of Minden when